Spongy Bone (Cancellous Bone) - Definition & Function | Biology As shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\), bone tissues are composed of four different types of bone cells: osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and osteogenic cells. Find reliable sources to answer the following questions: Watch this entertaining and fast-paced Crash Course video to further explore bone structure: Check out this video to learn more about bone remodeling: This page titled 14.4: Structure of Bone is shared under a CK-12 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Suzanne Wakim & Mandeep Grewal via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Instead, the lacunae and osteocytes are found in a lattice-like network of matrix spikes calledtrabeculae(singular = trabecula) (Figure7). Trabeculae form a mesh-like network of bony spicules of varying size that are aligned along regions of biomechanical stress. As the blood passes through the marrow cavities, it is collected by veins, which then pass out of the bone through the foramina. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. The term spongy comes from the fact that it is a highly vascularized and porous tissue. B. The shaft of a long bone is also called the: (a) proximal, The marrow space in the shaft of a long bone is called the. Which of the following is NOT true about spongy bone? These vessels and nerves branch off at right angles through a perforating canal, also known as Volkmanns canals, to extend to the periosteum and endosteum. What is the skeleton of a newborn baby mainly composed of? Difference between Spongy Bone and Compact Bone - Biology Dictionary Instead, the lacunae and osteocytes are found in a lattice-like network of matrix spikes called trabeculae (singular = trabecula) ( Figure 6.13 ). You can see these tissues in Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\). Table 6.3 reviews the bone cells, their functions, and locations. Legal. or perforating canals. Biologydictionary.net, May 07, 2017. https://biologydictionary.net/spongy-bone/. Which of the following statements about bone is not true ? Its a soft tissue that in adults may be mostly fat. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. It is found in the long bones and it is surrounded by compact bone. Spongy (cancellous) bone is lighter and less dense than compact bone. Spongy bone is commonly found at the end of long bones, as well as the ribs, skull, pelvic bones and vertebrae. Aprojectionis an area of a bone that projects above the surface of the bone. Each osteon consists of lamellae of compact bone tissue that surround a central canal (Haversian canal). These osteocytes have these The spongy bone and medullary cavity receive nourishment from arteries that pass through the compact bone. As its name suggests, spongy bone is porous like a sponge, containing an irregular network of spaces. Dimitrios Mytilinaios MD, PhD this haversian system. Table 2reviews the bone cells, their functions, and locations. Cancellous bone | anatomy | Britannica Curated learning paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations and articles. none of these, Which of the following occurs in terminating the growth Long bones are characterized by a shaft that is much longer than it is wide and by a rounded head at each end of the shaft. Read more. Bone Classification and Structure | Anatomy and Physiology | | Course Hero D) Blood-forming tissue is found in the skull and pelvic bones only. The structure of a long bone allows for the best visualization of all of the parts of a bone (Figure 1). (A) wrist What causes the osteoclasts to become overactive? Imagine laying a heavy-framed picture flat on the floor. (n.d.). The outsides of all the bones of the body are covered with a layer of irregular dense connective tissue proper called the periosteum. These surfaces tend to conform to one another, such as one being rounded and the other cupped, to facilitate the function of the articulation. Areas of bone resorption have an affinity for the ion, so they will light up on the scan if the ions are absorbed. The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue, Chapter 13. The structure of a long bone allows for the best visualization of all of the parts of a bone (Figure1). Blood vessels travel through the harder compact bone to the spongy bone, supplying it with the materials necessary to create blood cells. If the outer layer of a cranial bone fractures, the brain is still protected by the intact inner layer. Short bones that develop in muscle tendons are called _?_ . Firstly it is weaker but more flexible than cortical (compact) bone which it is very hard and strong but ridged (generally things that are ridged and hard do well under compression but not tension/flexure), so areas that come under flexure (eg ribs, ends of long bones) may benefit. Osteocytes maintain the mineral concentration of the matrix via the secretion of enzymes. (A) Ball-and-socket joint Each osteocyte is located in a space called alacunaand is surrounded by bone tissue. If a bone marrow transplant is successful, the new bone marrow will start making healthy blood cells and improve the patients condition. of bone fractures (c) is involved in bone growth (d) all of Whenever you see the Bone Structure - Anatomy & Physiology - University of Hawaii (a) mesenchymal cells A long bone has two main regions: the diaphysis and the epiphysis (Figure 6.3.1). In addition to the blood vessels, nerves follow the same paths into the bone where they tend to concentrate in the more metabolically active regions of the bone. Which event does not occur in endochondral bone Bones are composed of two types of tissue. (a) This cross-sectional view of compact bone shows the basic structural unit, the osteon. If osteoblasts and osteocytes are incapable of mitosis, then how are they replenished when old ones die? Spongy Bone. Bone Features. Compact bone is the denser, stronger of the two types of osseous tissue (Figure 6.3.6). The term spongy comes from the fact that it is a highly vascularized and porous tissue. these (e) none of these, Which of the listed events occurs thirdly during What causes the osteoclasts to become overactive? bones (c) are responsible for releasing calcium from bone During growth, the metaphysis contains the epiphyseal plate, thesite of long bone elongation described later in the chapter. It's made up of CaCo3, osteocalcin, osteopalpin. via gap junctions which allow these cells to Areas of bone resorption have an affinity for the ion, so they will light up on the scan if the ions are absorbed. Finally as you say having hollow bones would be lighter than having spongey bone however there needs to be a compromise to provide enough structural integrity without being too heavy, which combining a spongy flexible interior and hard tough exterior provides (think of a knights armour chain mail covered in steel plate armour). Which of the following statements about bone is not. 1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body, 2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, 2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles, 4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects, 5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System, 5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, 6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, 6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, 7.6 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, 8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton, 10.3 Muscle Fiber Excitation, Contraction, and Relaxation, 10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension, 10.8 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, 11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists, 11.2 Explain the organization of muscle fascicles and their role in generating force, 11.3 Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles, 11.4 Axial Muscles of the Head Neck and Back, 11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax, 11.6 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, 11.7 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, 12.1 Structure and Function of the Nervous System, 13.4 Relationship of the PNS to the Spinal Cord of the CNS, 13.6 Testing the Spinal Nerves (Sensory and Motor Exams), 14.2 Blood Flow the meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production and Circulation, 16.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, 16.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System, 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus, 17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, 17.11 Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity, 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels, 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, 20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, 20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, 21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, 21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, 21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, 21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens, 21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, 21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology, 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions, 22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, 23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation, 23.5 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, 23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, 25.1 Internal and External Anatomy of the Kidney, 25.2 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney: Anatomy of the Nephron, 25.3 Physiology of Urine Formation: Overview, 25.4 Physiology of Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration, 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion, 25.6 Physiology of Urine Formation: Medullary Concentration Gradient, 25.7 Physiology of Urine Formation: Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, 27.3 Physiology of the Female Sexual System, 27.4 Physiology of the Male Sexual System, 28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, 28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages. A long bone has two parts: the diaphysis and the epiphysis. Which of the following is NOT true about spongy bone? Most of the bones of the skull are flat bones, as is the sternum (breast bone). the bone (c) is anchored to the bone matrix by Sharpey's As described earlier, canaliculi connect with the canaliculi of other lacunae and eventually with the central canal. The trabeculae may appear to be a random network, but each trabecula forms along lines of stress to provide strength to the bone. (a) work with osteoblasts to remodel and From the ATP yield of palmitate oxidation, what is the metabolic efficiency of the biological oxidation, in terms of kilojoules saved as ATP per kilojoule released? The ongoing balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is responsible for the constant but subtle reshaping of bone. Articulations are places where two bones meet. (Ignore the cost of fatty acid activation.). The collagen fibers of adjacent lamallae run at perpendicular angles to each other, allowing osteons to resist twisting forces in multiple directions (see figure 6.34a). going to be talking about what is called the haversian system. As its name suggests, spongy bone is porous like a sponge, containing an irregular network of spaces. This system allows nutrients to be transported to the osteocytes and wastes to be removed from them. Osteogenic cells are undifferentiated and develop into osteoblasts. Direct link to Izzati Aqilah's post Whats are the differences, Posted 7 years ago. Evolutionary Changes in Human Spongy Bone. Osteons can be arranged into woven bone or lamellar bone. Spongy bone contains red bone marrow that is used in erythropoiesis. Here's a blown up view of an osteon. intremembranous ossification ? Osteoblasts build the bone collar on the external surface of the bone. That is called compact bone. 0131213501351312100. In addition to long bones, the four other types of bones in the human skeleton are short bones (the tarsal bones of the wrists and feet), flat bones (skull, rib cage, sternum, scapula), sesamoid bones (knee cap) and irregular bones (vertebrae). osteogenesis or ossification ? In comparison, it makes sense that the skeleton of a chimpanzee is almost entirely composed of spongy bone. Direct link to SofiyaMarkova's post Cartilage ossification centers (c) a bone collar (d) secondary When occurring in the skull, Pagets disease can cause headaches and hearing loss. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Direct link to Joanne's post Bone. It is through this process that the long bones in a human embryo develop. Bone Structure | Anatomy and Physiology I - Lumen Learning The study was designed to determine at what point human in evolution the trabecular bone density in humans decreased. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation, Chapter 21. bone that is on the outermost that you can actually Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay M. Biga, Staci Bronson, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Kristen Oja, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. very outer most superficial layer of bone is called the periosteum. This cell produces the boney matrix, releasing it outside of the cell. A) Provides support for certain soft tissues B) Synthesizes red blood cells C) Forms gliding surface at articulations D) Serves as model for bone formation B What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates? Compact Bone, Spongy Bone, and Other Bone Components Irregular bones are those that do not fit into any of the above categories. Recent origin of low trabecular bone density in modern humans. ossification centers (e) fibrocartilage (d) all of these (e) word lacuna or lacunae, you should think empty space. While some people with Pagets disease have no symptoms, others experience pain, bone fractures, and bone deformities (Figure8). It is highly vascularized and contains red bone marrow. Bone scans are also useful. The open spaces of the trabeculated network of spongy bone allow spongy bone to support shifts in weight distribution, which is the function of spongy bone. The osteoblasts try to compensate but the new bone they lay down is weak and brittle and therefore prone to fracture. Spongy bone looks weak but it is actually strong and responding to the torque and stress on the bone as we grow and move. The trabecular network of spongy bone aids in reducing bone weight and density and functions to transfer force from the articular surface of cortical bone. And here you can see Bone matrix consists of collagen fibers and organic ground substance, primarily hydroxyapatite formed from calcium salts. surprise, that it's, well, more compact than spongy bone. Hope that helps. So let's take a look inside. These cells are part of the outer double layered structure called the periosteum (peri = around or surrounding). (D) Pivot Joint, Saddle joints are located The mineral content of blood must be tightly regulated to ensure proper functioning of the muscles and nervous system. see with the naked eye. is just this porous network of spikes surrounding Chapter 5: anatomy Flashcards | Quizlet http://cnx.org/contents/14fb4ad7-39a1-4eee-ab6e-3ef2482e3e22@7.1@7.1. The nerves sense pain, and it appears the nerves also play roles in regulating blood supplies and in bone growth, hence their concentrations in metabolically active sites of the bone. 38.9: Bone - Bone Remodeling and Repair - Biology LibreTexts osteoblasts secrete osteoid tissue (d) calcium salts The trabeculae are covered by the endosteum, which can readily remodel them. They thought the small spaces must be filled with fluid, so they called them lacunae or little lakes. Osteoblasts replace calcifies cartilage with early sponge bone In this region, the epiphyses are covered with articular cartilage, a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. Which of the following statements is NOT true about spongy bone? This section will examine the gross anatomy of bone first and then move on to its histology. (C) embryos and newborn children Chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet Biologydictionary.net, November 05, 2017. https://biologydictionary.net/difference-spongy-bone-compact-bone/. (a) trabeculae composed of lamellae (b) spaces lined with endosteum (c) periosteum (d) osteocytes in lacunae connected by canaliculi (e) marrow spaces filled with yellow or red bone marrow d 13. The bone cells located in the trabecular matrix of spongy bone are called _______________. They can communicate with each other and receive nutrients via long cytoplasmic processes that extend through canaliculi (singular = canaliculus), channels within the bone matrix. (a) osteoblasts secrete osteoid In addition to the blood vessels, nerves follow the same paths into the bone where they tend to concentrate in the more metabolically active regions of the bone. (A) osteoblasts Microscopically compact bone has the features elucidated in the video (osteons), while the spongy bone is less dense and shows a framework of trabeculae. You can see an example of each type of bone in Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\). compact bone ? The osteoblasts try to compensate but the new bone they lay down is weak and brittle and therefore prone to fracture. Bones of the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs are the most commonly affected. bone. All of these structures plus more are visible in Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\). As described earlier, canaliculi connect with the canaliculi of other lacunae and eventually with the central canal. Here, we basically have a cross Spongy bone is commonly found at the end of long bones, as well as the ribs, skull, pelvic bones and vertebrae . Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. A projection is an area of a bone that projects above the surface of the bone. While compact bone is denser and has fewer open spaces, spongy bone is ideal for making and storing bone marrow within the lattice-like trabeculae network.
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