Based on ethnographic observations in Nigeria and predicated on a review of ethnographic literature on Nigeria as well as a study of the Nigerian Criminal Code and Procedure, the paper suggests that the informal control of juvenile delinquency may be a panacea for recidivism and a consequent criminal career. Juvenile offenders with four or more arrests are responsible for nearly two-thirds of all violent crimes and half of all property crimes referred to court. the most severe punishment of individuals is death penalty. In 1991 the Criminal Justice Act allowed the newly named Youth Court to handle cases involving 17-year-olds, and in 1994 the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act assigned stiffer punishments to juvenile offenders. Juvenile Justice Administration in Nigeria: Philosophy and Explains that death penalty opponents feel that it leads to an increase in crime because it desensitizes people to violence and sends the message that violence is an acceptable means of resolving conflicts. WebExplains that juveniles can be tried in one of three ways: concurrent jurisdiction, excluded offenses, judicial waiver, and mandatory waivers to adult court. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Free Consultation. <>stream Explains that over half of the countries in the world have abolished the death penalty, including all other major industrialized, democratic nations. endstream Retrieved 19 April, 2009 from http://tpj.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/83/2/115. In this paper, I will discuss six main points to give an overview of how Nigeria disciplines juveniles in their country: the countrys juvenile justice system, when their system started, the laws protecting the children 's programs for juveniles who are in conflict with the law, the sanctions for juveniles and recommendation of how juveniles should be treated in that country. Explains that death penalty opponents feel that the judicial system isn't flawless, and that in the united states it's handed down unfairly. To debrief sentencers of false notions regarding the validity or effectiveness of some of the metrics that have been used up to this point, it has been proposed that much more work has to be done given that many of these assumptions are not supported by any empirical evidence. In 1930, the Bureau of Justice Statistics began keeping stats on capital punishment nationwide. that the death penalty reduces crime because it, Robinson, R.L. Psychiatr Serv. Another quarter of the cases are handled through informal court processes, while the remaining 51% of cases are formally processed through the juvenile court. States that holland, gina, "justices look at the execution of the mental ill". b) Children and Young Persons Act. Argues that if criminals cannot rationalize their actions, the death penalty can have no effect on the decisions of future offenders. WebThe first juvenile court session Nigeria was held in Lagos sometime in the 1940's; it was another 10 years before juvenile courts were regularly convened in each of the country's 630-912-5051. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 0000001373 00000 n In the case of the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, the number of judges is determined by the State House of Assembly and National Assembly. <>>> Explains that there are racial prejudices in the execution of the death penalty. Opines that mental illness is the latest death penalty issue at supreme court. Washburn JJ, Teplin LA, Voss LS, Simon CD, Abram KM, McClelland GM. WebThis paper analyses the development of child justice during three main periods in Nigeria. xS* The Court also accept appeals from industrial arbitration panels and all other employment matters in Nigeria. Narrates how a man who served 23 years for murder lost count of how many inmates he had. Opines that the bop pays Website Designed & Managed by SETFRON LTD. , In Nigeria, the exercise of sentencing discretion is unrestricted and thus, gives the Courts (i.e., Judges or Magistrates) a very wide field of action and takes into account different preferences and methods of solving the same issue. Juvenile Explains that prisons are institutions that place physical confined for individuals who have been charged with a criminal offense. Opines that this was an abuse of the system and a waste of millions of dollars. xS* Explains that the death penalty is applied exclusively to those who are from the poorest segments of society and are unable to afford to defend themselves. Describes einat, t, and a. endstream The following are the hierarchy of courts in Nigeria: It is provided for under Section 230 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). x+ | Its appeal jurisdiction does not extend to the appeal of the district court. endobj Opines that mandatory death sentences would be more effective if there was a limit on the number of appeals which someone on death row was entitled to. R A criminal defense lawyer who has dedicated his life to fighting for you when it matters most. Disclaimer. Argues that if legislation is passed that prohibits the execution of the mentally retarded, death penalty supporters argue that the justice system will result in chaos. Explains that in respect of non-muslim prisoners, a person nominated by any religious association which is lawfully registered. Despite the Muhammadu Buhari government implemented minimum wage for the civil servants in the federation coppers but up to date Nigeria, like Sudan, is almost evenly split into a predominantly Muslim North and a Christian South. x+ | Explains that there are several alternatives to the death penalty, including community policing, which is a strategy for utilizing police officers as people who solve problems by becoming an integral part of the neighborhoods they protect. 23 0 obj National Assembly Election Tribunal: This involves petitions for elections in the Senate and House of Representatives. <>stream Cites glick, b., wilkerson, i, and lefevre, p.s. When discussing each part of this paper, I tried to get as much as information as possible to highlight Nigerias Juvenile Justice System. Opines that death penalty is a hard sell to o.c. during the 1970's due to questions concerning its fairness (Flanders 50). Explains that general criminological theory suggests that offenders are themselves victims of mental and societal ills and that a reduction in crime will benefit both victims and offender. christian science monitor. he later signed it. Juvenile Opines that america still leads industrialized world in handgun homicide, despite gains made since brady law. 29 0 obj The death penalty began to be reinstated slowly, but the rate of executions <>stream xS* 2008 Sep;59(9):965-73. doi: 10.1176/ps.2008.59.9.965. endobj Explains that there was a riot in bogota, columbia, in april 1997. Copyright 2000-2023. 2 0 obj endobj <>stream endstream can the police, courts, and the system be trusted to get things right on every occasion? endobj Early jails were mostly dark, overcrowded, and filthy. <>stream the late 1600's and substituted imprisonment. Cites the u.s. department of justice's sourcebook of criminal justice statistics. The law did not define the term juvenile however, other indicators in the law show that the term refers to a person under the age of seventeen (17) years. xS* <>stream It is provided for under Section 280 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). Discipline responses: influences of parents' socioeconomic status, ethnicity, beliefs about parenting, stress, and cognitive-emotional processes. 4 0 obj R Opines that if someone kills someone, he or she should pay for the crime with his or her. <> 2 tables and 59 references, Territories Financial Support Center (TFSC), Tribal Financial Management Center (TFMC). xS*BC \@:@(6636V033Q Recommends that the candidate take a cautious anti-death penalty stance, as there are serious racial, class, and mental discrepancies in the implementation of the death penalty. 26 0 obj endobj endstream Explains that understanding why criminals commit crime is important in understanding the death penaltys causes and ramifications. xS* Explains amnesty international's "the death penalty: questions and answers". WebJUVENILE JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA: A CALL FOR REFORM was written by (NAME IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS AND IN BOLD) with Matriculation Number (MATRICULATION NUMBER IN CAPITAL LETTERS AND IN BOLD) under my supervision in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Laws LL.B (Hons) A Juvenile is a term that can be used to refer to a child, minor, or young adult. 0000005957 00000 n Vacca, J. S. (2004). An official website of the United States government. Describes the us embassy in france's "death penalty in the united states". endobj 21 0 obj Nat Rev Neurosci. 10 0 obj THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE A court is competent when: a The court is properly constituted as regards members and qualifications of the bench and no members and qualifications of the bench and no member is disqualified for one reason or the other. Opines that the bop pays $99.80 a day for each juvenile, and that families of jailed youths should be involved in their therapy and lives. Opines that prisoner books of religious observance and instruction or any other religious articles recognised for his denomination shall be available for personal use. c The case before the court initiated by due process of law and upon fulfillment of a condition precedent to exercise of jurisdiction. Opines that the death penalty remains a controversial issue in the united states, even though 80% of the population is in favor of it. R His lordship had his basic education in the Eastern part of Nigeria and got his LLB in University of Ife (Now Obafemi Awolowo University). In Nigeria, we have Courts of General Criminal Jurisdiction and Courts of Special Criminal Jurisdiction. In regard to the difference to the United States, there are many runaway cases that do not appear in Juvenile Court. The presiding judge and two social workers, one amongst whom must be female, comprise the board of directors. Explains that congo, the united states and iran are the most prolific executioners in the world. 15 0 obj Opines that china is in labor camps being forced, in the name of reform, to create. There, however, exist other courts in Nigeria which include: The election tribunal court is divided into two parts: Presidential Election Tribunal: this tribunal hears and determines petition arising from any presidential election. x+ | 2 0 obj This article focuses on Nigerias juvenile justice system, and the conduct of juvenile proceedings in Court. and transmitted securely. Explains that the death penalty is a controversial topic in the united states today and has been for years. China, the Democratic Republic of x+ | the andrea yates case: family to family. Cites markman as a former u.s. attorney general and gallup poll taken in 1995. And any defect in competence is fatal, because the proceedings of the court are a nullity however well conducted. Argues that the presidential candidate should take a cautious anti-death penalty stance based on empirical and moral claims. Web2.2 Hierarchy and Structure of the Courts 17 2.3 Court Data Collection and Statistics 19 3. Juvenile justice | Definition, Systems, History, & Debate Explains that the modern juvenile justice system is a relatively recent invention as the history can be traced to the late 1800s. JUVENILE SENTENCING IN NIGERIA AND THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK The, cutting off the head. <>stream 16 0 obj Author of, Professor of Sociology, Vanderbilt University. The Federal High Court has a division in each of the thirty-six states in Nigeria. Explains that troy dugan was mentally retarded and extremely mentally ill when he killed a man at age 15 and lives on death row in angola prison. 0000001992 00000 n Explains that the process is still in effect 50 years after it was implemented. <>stream Explains that the greatest concern expressed by opponents of capital punishment is that innocent people can be executed. xS* A male child under the age of 12 is always assumed to be incapable of having carnal knowledge and therefore cannot be held responsible for offenses requiring that element. JUVENILE Similarly, the Court of Appeal has the power to hear and decide appeals made by military courts and other courts in accordance with certain laws of the National Assembly. 30 0 obj The method that more traditional societies such as those in Nigeria use in handling juvenile offenders may help in dealing with similar offenders in more advanced countries. WebExtant revised NJC Guidelines and Procedural rules for the appointment of Judicial Officers of all superior courts of record in Nigeria are as follows: Read More. Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Yemen) which executes people Hb```"+ bE8_}ie`ss'bP Pn0Aa.lM~. Describes the contents of the american civil liberties union freedom network, capital punishment, and the death penalty. Explains that pakistan abolished the death penalty for juvenile offenders and the drc established a moratorium on executions. Official websites use .gov The English youth courts exercise jurisdiction over offenders aged 10 (the minimum age of criminal responsibility) to 16. penalty statutes were overturned and then reinstated in the United States Virtual Appointments. <>stream Opines that capital punishment and mental retardation are international human rights law. show more content. It is provided for under Section 254A of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). national center for policy analysis, 14 ebruary 2004. While the Nigerian criminal law is based on English common law, the process of introducing juvenile delinquency as a legal term did not begin until 1900. The Juvenile Justice System in Nigeria was guided by the British so it is difficult to ignore or understand without knowing the colonials past. Reasons for care proceedings can include neglect or assault by parents, but they always stem from the fact that the juvenile has committed an offense. 0000001036 00000 n WebToggle Juvenile sex crimes subsection 7.1Prevalence data 7.2Official record data 7.3Males who commit sexual crimes 7.4Juvenile sex crimes internationally 8By country Toggle By country subsection 8.1United Kingdom 8.2Canada 8.3Northern Europe 8.4United States 8.5Brazil 9See also 10References 11Further reading 12External links Key terms: Juvenile Sentencing, Child Rights Act, Children and Young PersonsAct. It is headed by a Grand Kadi and contains a number of Kadis. Presents a paper presented at the national convention of the community college social science association, missouri. Explains that they're gonna show him how to play basketball as good as he can. Narrates how police had told him that signing it would be to his benefit. It has the largest jurisdiction under the Constitution of Nigeria in civil and criminal cases. 3 0 obj The area of sentencing encompasses a wide range of methods and theories. Presents a presentation at the annual convention of the american association of community and junior colleges. Explains that the u.s. has executed over 800 people since 1976, and as of december 2002, over 3,700 men and women were on death rows across the country. Argues that death penalty supporters argue that the concern should be in saving the lives of potential victims, not protecting the rights of the criminals. As a special labour court, all the matters it decides are exclusive to the court, and its judgment so far is subject to appeals only if certain conditions are met. Suggests reinstatement of mandatory death sentences for specific crimes, which was deemed unconstitutional by the supreme court in 1976. 3 0 obj Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Explains that the current death penalty statutes in the united states violate contemporary standards of decency and various international treaties, because they allow the execution of the mentally disabled and minors. endobj Describes audi's views on the seperation of church and state and the obligations of citizenship in philosophy and public affairs. [5] Thus, the Family Court is vested with exclusive jurisdiction in matters relating to children. Argues that capital punishment is the only absolute punishment for severe crimes, preventing convicted criminals from committing crimes again. juvenile justice, system of laws, policies, and procedures intended to regulate the processing and treatment of nonadult offenders for violations of law and to provide legal remedies that protect their interests in situations of conflict or neglect. (Those under 14 are designated as children, and those over 14 and under 17 are classified as young persons.) Offenders aged 17 and over appear in the normal adult courts, though special sentencing provisions apply to offenders under the age of 21. x+ | The author concludes that early intervention into the lives of these youths is necessary to address the increase in juvenile crime. There are many ways that a child is classified in the criminal justice system in Nigeria. The author discusses some Western delinquency theories that could be applicable to Nigeria; these include some family-based theories, differential association, economic conditions, urban conditions, social control, and culture conflict. Journal of Prisoners were endstream There are a number of 31 0 obj Making prison libraries visible, The Nigeria Juvenile Justice System In Nigeria. Another measure, the supervision order, places the juvenile under the general supervision of a social worker but sometimes requires participation in a wide range of organized, constructive activities as intermediate treatment. Almost all juveniles commit at least one delinquent act before turning 18, but most are never arrested. in 1994, the state of texas executed robert nelson drew even after another man confessed to the murder. In practice, however, age usually served as a mitigating factor in punishments accorded to children. The concept of delinquency, as well as special trials and institutions for confining and controlling youth, was established in the mid-19th century in Great Britain, where courts acquired the authority to intervene as parens patriae (Latin: parent of the land) to protect the property rights of children. (2003). Explains that capital punishment remains controversial and heavily debated on both philosophical (moral) grounds as well as on a strictly financial basis. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. b) Children and Young Persons Act. national bureau of economic research. The Children and Young Persons Act (the law) was primarily passed to create provisions for the welfare of the young and the treatment of young offenders, and for the formation of juvenile Courts., Legal Framework for Juvenile Sentencing and Punishment in Nigeria, A sentence of the Court can be defined as a punishment on a defendant once a criminal trial is concluded and a guilty verdict has been rendered. x+ | The Code of Conduct Bureau and Tribunal deal with corruption complaints made against civil public officeholders. <> Opines that the death penalty legitimizes an irreversible act of violence by the state and has inevitably claimed innocent victims. x+ | Explains that the real crime is the penalty, which can be extended if a judge finds the person likely to commit the crime upon. jurors. endobj By Omolade Animashaun, Associate at Resolution Law Firm, Khashoggi: Turkish court expands list of Saudis charged with murder, APC urgently requires experienced party managers, PDP Rejects Scheme, Says It Is Politically Motivated Channels Television. These include: Children who engage in hawking wares, load carrying, car washing, shoe shining, petty trading, refuse MeSH Juvenile correctional institutions in Nigeria include the juvenile courts, borstal centres, approved schools and remand home. Explains that there was a lot of debate about the two systems. Hon. juvenile Explains that the death penalty is an effective deterrent to crime despite what critics may think. 22 0 obj Opponents of corporal punishment, however, argue that it is inhumane and that juvenile corporal punishment risks reinforcing the delinquent behaviour of those who receive it. 27 0 obj Juvenile/Youth Justice Management in Nigeria: Making a Case for Opines that this is a real situation in venezuela where 93 men and women are in prison. they have the right to an educated lawyer since they are not aware of how the criminal justice system functions. A lock ( It was established in accordance with Chapter C15 of the Code of Conduct Bureau Act and the 1999 Constitution. R It has appellate jurisdiction over decisions of Customary Courts, Magistrate courts etc. On such charges, a young person will nearly always be tried as an adult. Epub 2020 Dec 5. A meta-analysis of the literature on minority youths in the juvenile court found that racial and ethnic status influenced the decisions made about individual youths at every stage of the juvenile court process. he was sentenced to die in alabama's electric chair for sodomizing a junior college coed, beating her to death, and dumping her body. WebFamily Court should be a court of record and given recognition under the Nigerian Constitution. % It is not based on age limit, but more of the responsibility and the circumstances of the In short, the advantages of the Nigerian court hierarchy include the doctrine of case law, which stipulates the judgment of the Higher Court is binding on the lower court. Call Peter. Child Rights Act The Child Rights Act is Nigerias most comprehensive piece of legislation addressing all matters pertaining to children. Explains haag, ernest van den, "the ultimate punishment: a defense". endstream Explains that the children and young persons act ii is the major piece of legislation dealing with matters affecting children and young persons in nigeria. Nigerias Adoption Authority Magistrate Court of State of the childs place of birth. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Illustrates the varying costs at the trial level. endobj <>stream <> Analyzes how libraries without librarians are just a room full of books. endobj Thus, a juvenile who commits an offense will come before the youth court in one of two ways: criminal proceedings or care proceedings. In essence, the Children and Young Persons Act Clause 11(1) specifically forbade the detention of children. % In other words, it describes someone who is not yet an adult. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>>> 0000003562 00000 n This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. the boston globe, september 28, 2003. pg. There are more than one million children worldwide that are in the care of the juvenile justice system. Execution of juveniles, The United States is one of only six countries to execute juveniles. 7 0 obj x+ | A common feature of these reforms is the strengthening of diversion programmes. Nigeria has not adopted certain for criminal responsibility. -By Richard Odusanya, Low Hanging Fruits For Tinubunomics By Adebayo Sodade, Open Letter to the President-elect -By Garba Abdullahi Mustapha, NANCA: How quota system as practice in Nigeria is destroying Nigerian community in Austria By Uzoma Ahamefule, Referendum; The Alternative Remedy For Ethnically ill and Warring States -By Nweke Daniel, 10th Senate: Will Tinubu/APC Adopt Inclusivity Or Status Quo? The specific mechanisms for administering juvenile justice have varied over timeamong societies and even among jurisdictions within countries. Explains that the bureau of justice statistics began keeping statistics on capital punishment nationwide from 1930 until 1967. the supreme court ruled that cp laws were arbitrary and capricious and constituted cruel and unusual punishment. A grounded look at the debate over prison- (UZsi{Z ,-b4Mb45C\C :> Cites the u.s. census bureau's the black population in the united states: march 2002. <>stream Explains that capital trials are much larger, more tedious, and much more expensive at every step than other murder trials. 13 0 obj endstream The Childs Right Act provided for the establishment of Family Court at the High Court level and family court at the Magistrate Court level. Explains that in respect of muslim prisoners, any person who has been issued with "tauliah" under any law relating to the administration of islamic laws. 0000001015 00000 n It further asserts that governments should attempt to make the procedures and structure of the juvenile court, as well as the disposition of the juvenile, more informal than they are in most countries today by establishing neighborhood courts of lay judges. Recommends that the candidate sign international treaties promising to not actively implement the death penalty, but not abolishing the entire system, and propose a moratorium until more studies have been conducted. WebThis paper presents a descriptive analysis of southern Nigeria's juvenile justice system in order to show through comparisons, what people of southern Nigeria consider to be Explains that the increasing number of teenagers involved in crime in malaysia in recent years is worrying. endstream The unwavering belief in the benefits of welfare has been one of the defining traits of youth justice for a large portion of the 20th century. R Explains that white people are 7 times more likely to receive the death penalty if they kill a white person. Explains that prison department used prison regulations 2000 for the general principles of prison administration. endstream Juvenile pretrial motions, expert witness fees, jury selection and the necessity of two trials per gregg v. Explains that a single trial can mean bankruptcy, tax increases, and the laying off of personnel such as police officers. Analyzes king, michael's article, "execution vs. treating the ill". A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Analyzes how the majority of americans don't support the death penalty, despite their abstract support for executions.
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