Socialism Requires a Dictator - Foundation for Economic Education This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. Nations with a legacy of military dictatorship (s) In Africa Algeria (1965-1994) Burkina Faso (1966-1991) Burundi (1966-1993) Central African Republic (1966-1993) Chad (1975-1991) Congo-Brazzaville (1968-1992) Equatorial Guinea (1968-1982) Ethiopia (1974-1991) Gambia, The (1994-1997) Guinea (1984-1991) Ghana (1966-1969; 1972-1979; 1981-1993) Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. [44] As a result of authoritarian politics, a series of major issues may ensue. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. 15 worst dictators of 20th century and their horrific massacres Single-party dictatorships are one-party states in which only the party in power is legalized and all opposition parties are banned. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. Top 10 Worst Dictators In The World In 2023 - TopTen Famous On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. They are more likely to end in violence and less likely to democratize than other forms of dictatorship. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It was initially aligned with Yugoslavia, but its alignment shifted throughout the Cold War between Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and China. In their book "Dictators and Dictatorships: Understanding Authoritarian Regimes and Their Leaders", authors Natasha M. Ezrow and Erica Frantz lay out five types of dictatorships: Power is obtained and maintained through military might. Miguel Daz-Canel, the son of Ral Castro who replaced him as president of Cuba, has kept the dictatorship structure in place that was established by Fidel Castro during the Cuban revolution. Dictatorships are authoritarian or totalitarian and can be classified as military dictatorships, one-party dictatorships, personalist dictatorships, or absolute monarchies. The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. Secondly, while the term "dictatorship" is widely understood to include inherent abuse of powerthere is arguably no such thing as a benevolent dictatorhistory offers several examples of autocrats who tried to do what was best for their people. Political culture: 5.00. What is a Dictatorship? Examples and Characteristics - Study.com The Portuguese were present in some mostly coastal points of the territory of what is now Angola from the 16th century, interacting in diverse ways with the peoples who lived there. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Below are the world's most authoritarian regimes: 21. [42] Within a personalist regime an issue called "The dictators dilemma" arises. [148], Institutions that coerce the opposition through the use of violence may serve different roles or they may be used to counterbalance one another in order to prevent one institution from becoming too powerful. Military dictatorship - McGill University People living under a dictatorship are often persecuted for unethical reasons, including their religion, sexual orientation, or economic status. Teodoro Obiang Nguesma Mbasogo overthrew his uncle Macias in 1979 in a bloody coup. Malcolm Congal Aidan Julian Haldane, 23rd king of Gwynedd, reigned 1025 to 1074. To enact policy, a dictator must either appease the regime's elites or attempt to replace them. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 12:26. #SOSCuba. On a similar note, a dictatorship's regular citizens have no voice in most matters. [107] The development of the internet and digital communication in the 21st century have prompted dictatorships to shift from traditional means of control to digital ones, including the use of artificial intelligence to analyze mass communications, internet censorship to restrict the flow of information, and troll farms to manipulate public opinion. [145] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. His wealth is estimated to be approximately $600 million. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. Ruling parties allow a dictatorship to more broadly influence the populace and facilitate political agreement between party elites. [56] Caesar subverted the tradition of temporary dictatorships when he was made dictator perpetuo, or a dictator for life, which led to the creation of the Roman Empire. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. Elites are also the primary political threats of a dictator, as they can leverage their power to influence or overthrow the dictatorship. 5. Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. Like most dictators, they also often employ secret police and violence to silence critics. There's no room for opposition or . [108], Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. [1]:71. [130] One-party dictatorships are generally more stable and last longer than military or personalist dictatorships. For dictatorships, monarchic, military and civilian dictatorship. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. This list details eight of the world's current dictators and the poverty rates associated with each country. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. He all but eradicated corruption. When necessary, a dictator may also make an effort to replace or amend the nation's constitution to empower, enrich, or otherwise benefit the dictator and his/her allies to a greater degree. Modern dictatorships first developed in the 19th century, which included Bonapartism in Europe and caudillos in Latin America. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. Obiang's regime is known for state-sanctioned kidnappings, torture of prisoners, and unlawful killings. [1]:70. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. [according to whom? [75] Lenin was followed by Joseph Stalin in 1924, who consolidated total power and implemented totalitarian rule by 1929. [73], Dictatorships in Latin America persisted into the 20th century, and further military coups established new regimes, often in the name of nationalism. [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. They are often characterized by their use of violence and repression to maintain power. With a total area of 2,381,741 square kilometres, 90% of which is desert, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Arab world and Africa and on the Mediterranean. [131] A military coup is often carried out when a regime is threatening the country's stability or during periods of societal unrest. Organizations that maintain moral authority with the public, such as the Church, are often the most targeted by infiltration. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. (Dictator of Italy and Principal Founder of Fascism Who Was Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943.) Kim Jong-Il (1.6 million deaths) Kim Jong-il in 2010. This world dictators list has everyone from Adolf Hitler to Kim Jong Un to many lesser-known rulers. This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 02:19. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the . Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders - YouTube ", "The Cromwellian Protectorate: A Military Dictatorship? List of Countries of the world in alphabetical order (A to Z) - Worldometer The African Dictators | Africa Facts The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. Indeed, the 20th century, which witnessed the careers of Atatrk, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Francisco Franco, Mao Tse-tung, Juan Pern, Tito, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sukarno, Kwame Nkrumah, and Charles de Gaulle, could appear in history as the age of plebiscitary dictatorship. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. Democracy is broadly understood to mean 'rule by the people'. If it is, then a further distinction is made between democracies where the head of state is popularly elected and those where the head of state is not popularly elected. Monarchies: 3. Too Much Power. A dictator may have a team of officials who advise him or her and help keep the government running, but these officials ultimately have very little control or influence. After the recent death of Idriss Deby in April 2021, his son Mahamat Deby took over. Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. Since the Korean War, North Korea has been ruled by a series of autocratic leaders. While the People's Republic of China was initially aligned with the Soviet Union, relations between the two countries deteriorated as the Soviet Union underwent de-Stalinization in the late-1950s. But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. [119][120][121][122], Most dictatorships exist in countries with high levels of poverty. ", "Dictators and Their Followers: A Theory of Dictatorship", "The many Robespierres from 1794 to the present", "A Family of Political Concepts: Tyranny, Despotism, Bonapartism, Caesarism, Dictatorship, 1750-1917", "The Age of the Caudillos: A Chapter in Hispanic American History", "Europe Will be a Fascist Europe: July 1934May 1936", "African military coups d'tat, 19562001: frequency, trends and distribution", "From Protest to Change of Regime: The 419 Revolt and The Fall of the Rhee Regime in South Korea*", "The waning of the military coup in Arab politics", "Introduction: Studying Communist Dictatorships: From Comparative to Transnational History", "Military Coups and Military Rule in Latin America", "Cuba: The United States and Batista, 1952-58", "The Predicament of Europe's 'Last Dictator', "The Kremlin Emboldened: How Putin Wins Support", "The Resistible Rise of Vladimir Putin: Russia's Nightmare Dressed Like a Daydream", "Biden suggests Putin is a 'dictator' who has committed 'genocide half a world away', "EIU Democracy Index 2020 - World Democracy Report", "5. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. [126] Four strategies of political control commonly employed by dictatorships are repression, indoctrination, coercive distribution, and infiltration. Brion Donal Cinhil Urien Haldane, 25th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1095 to 1120. Here is a list of the ten worst dictators that Africans have ever seen in their history. 1. Dictatorships suffer from an obvious and significant imbalance of power. Here are fifteen of the worst dictators from the 20 th century and what makes them stand out for censure. Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", "Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) Torture, "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion Under Dictatorships", "How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes", "Tyrants and Terrorism: Why Some Autocrats are Terrorized While Others are Not", "Dictatorship: Modern Tyranny Between Leviathan and Behemoth (Version 2.0) (english version)", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictatorship&oldid=1142733963, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. scholarly analysis of Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin and Mao, as well as Kim Il-sung of North Korea; Franois Duvalier, or Papa Doc, of Haiti; Nicolae Ceauescu of Romania; and Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. Hybrid dictatorships blend elements of the other four types. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. whether a majority vote in the legislature can remove the sitting government without cause. Examples might include King Cyrus the Great of Persia, who is thought to have created the first declaration of human rights, the Biblical King Solomon, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yue. Modern Dictatorship Countries. [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. Hybrid dictatorships: What it's like to live under a Dictatorship. Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin were the leading examples of such modern totalitarian . Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. [139], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. Latin America's new generation of dictators - DW - 01/12/2022 Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. [54][55] The concept of "dictator" was first developed during the Roman Republic. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. The theories about society, capital and labor got turned into a dictatorship, genocide, and poverty. Dictatorships in the Middle East and Northern Africa are either illiberal republics in which a president holds power through unfair elections, or they are absolute monarchies in which power is inherited. Democracies and Dictatorships in Latin America [1][3] Resorting to democratic concepts by Karl Popper and Joseph Schumpeter, Przeworski defended the minimalist approach, citing Popper that "the only system in which citizens can get rid of governments without bloodshed. Preference falsification, Internal politics, data scarcity, and restriction of media are just a few examples of the dangers of a personalistic authoritarian regime. [94], Marxist and nationalist movements became popular in Southeast Asia as a response to colonial control and the subsequent Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia, with both ideologies facilitating the creation of dictatorships after World War II. Like right-wing, it is not a copyrighted term. Organized opposition is a threat to the stability of a dictatorship, as it seeks to undermine public support for the dictator and calls for regime change. A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single personthe dictatoror party has absolute power. The name a democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate what type of democracy it is. The authors acknowledged that the last rule is more complicated to implement, but stated that it helps researchers to control potential errors and removes subjective judgement from the classification. Dictatorship - Wikipedia In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. [118] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. However, a political rights score of 6 or 7 corresponds most closely with our definition of dictatorship, based on Freedom House's characterization: 6 Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945. Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic and an oligarchy. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. Democracy-Dictatorship Index - Wikipedia [27], One-party dictatorships are more stable than other forms of authoritarian rule, as they are less susceptible to insurgency and see higher economic growth. [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. From the outside looking in, life within a dictatorship appears akin to being in a toxic relationship or living situation. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. One of the reasons for this is the fact that the military often has more cohesion and institutional structure than most of the civilian institutions of society. Syria - Well, it depends. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. Abstract. Countries that start with: Based on a "minimalist" theory of democracy, the index relies on rules regarding the existence of competitive elections. Dictatorships that fail to repress the opposition are susceptible to collapse through a coup or a revolution. [103], Military dictatorships remained prominent in Latin America during the Cold War, though the number of coups declined starting in the 1980s. Laos (since 1975) What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? - Quora [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. The legislature must be popularly elected. The number of countries ruled by military dictatorships began to fall sharply after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. Dictatorship: What It Is, Types, Characteristics And Examples Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. Coercive distribution comprises of distributing welfare and state resources to control citizens and elites. Democracies can be either parliamentary, semi-presidential, or presidential and dictatorships can be civilian, military, or royal. Today, there are only five communist states, some of which are struggling to hold on to communism. Uganda. Freedom House, the Polity data series, and the Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists. 1. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. 1 Norway 2 Iceland 3 Sweden 4 New Zealand 5 Denmark =6 Canada =6 Ireland 8 Australia =9 Switzerland =9 Finland Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. Factions or divisions among the elites will mitigate their ability to bargain with the dictator, resulting in the dictator having more unrestrained power. Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. What Countries Have a Totalitarian Government Today? - Reference.com Countries which under military dictatorship right now (Image Wikipedia) Electoral process and pluralism: 0.00. As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. [8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. Many dictatorships are also characterized by corruption, nepotism, and a cult of personality around the leader. Parliamentary democracy is the same as semi-presidential but has heads of state which are not popularly elected for a fixed term, typically either monarchs or officials not chosen by popular elections. 15 Countries with Dictatorships Today (Or on Their Way to Dictatorships Repression is the accumulation of state behaviors that target actors who challenge beliefs, institutions, and actions of the dictatorship. 10 Dictators Who Were Surprisingly Good - Unbelievable Facts The head of state in most parliamentary democracies formally appoint the head of government. Dictatorships have shallow levels of freedom. The People's Republic of China is currently ruled by President Xi Jinping, who also serves as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, the country's Vice President, the President of the Central Party School, and the 1st ranked member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee. In the last six years alone, at least 26 African countries have experienced transfers of power.
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