Cough drops, or throat lozenges, are also commonly used to manage a post-infectious cough, regardless of the underlying cause. However, some people develop a condition known as long COVID. (2017). After drinking the solution every eight hours for one week, the frequency of the participants' coughs was measured. Lingering coughs often happen with uper respiratory tract infections. Use pillows at night to elevate your head for a dry cough. Chat to an NHS operator in our Live Chat - opens a new window, your cough is changing for example coughing up blood or phlegm turning dirty, you experience shortness of breath, breathing difficulties or chest pain, you're worried about long COVID symptoms in a child or young person under 18. Cough is a COVID-19 symptom that can linger for weeks even after the infection has cleared up. Inflamed tissues both swell up and produce fluid. | slovenina Evaluation of the patient with chronic cough. If you have a persistent cough, you likely have mucus in your chest. (2013). Even though there isn't much scientific evidence to back up their use, many people turn to over-the-counter medications to also help with a lingering cough that won't go away. Post-infectious coughs are a common type of lingering cough, affecting as many as one of every four people with an upper respiratory infection. Returning back to their normal routine is dependent on the damage done to the lungs and tissues. Timely reminder: How to respond if you test positive to COVID-19. 2017;96(9):575-580. The vast majority of upper respiratory infections are caused by viruses, and all of these can cause a lingering cough: Much less commonly, upper respiratory tract infections may be caused by bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Coughing is a natural reflex that helps your body clear mucus and dust from your throat, which can cause inflammation in your respiratory tract. Three things that impact how well (and how quickly) your lungs will heal are: 1. Clinically, it is characterized by general symptoms, mainly elevated temperature for 2-5 days and headache, as well as muscle pain and fatigue. Due to the risk of infant botulisma potentially life-threatening condition caused by a bacteria-generated toxinnever give honey to a child younger than 12 months old. You can also use a steam inhalation machine if you have one. Avoid relying on these too much since they can be addictive. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. If youre still coughing after two months, make an appointment with a doctor. (2021). Hopefully youre .css-16acfp5{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.125rem;text-decoration-color:#d2232e;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:inherit;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-16acfp5:hover{color:#000;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;background-color:yellow;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}fully vaccinated and ended up with a mild case with minor symptoms. Post-COVID coughing can last for weeks, be debilitating, and have a variety of causes. Jha said Mr. Biden's treatment for the coronavirus meant he temporarily would stop taking two of his . So which ones are best? For children, be sure to use a cool-mist humidifier. | Romn Some people may developcough hypersensitivity, where the threshold of the cough reflex has been lowered, so it takes a lot less to set off a cough. After that period, people are unlikely to be infectious, [but] if there is a concern, wearing a mask would be reasonable.. People often have a cough, feel unusually fatigued, or even experience some shortness of breath for at least several weeks after a mild to moderate case of COVID-19. A COVID-19 runny nose can last anywhere from a few days to a week or more. A local healthcare professional can offer advice on safe testing and potential treatment for COVID-19. People have been seriously harmed and even died after taking products not approved for use to treat or prevent COVID-19, even products approved or prescribed for other uses. steps you can take to treat your cough at home: Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water and fluids. But do not give honey to babies under 12 months. Other symptoms may develop and include high temperature (fever), headache, aches and pains. Whats Causing Your Lingering Cough and How to Treat It. An overview of post infectious coughs. Children and young adults may be less likely to experience common COVID-19 symptoms such as a dry cough, or they may experience less severe versions of the disease itself. Up to five percent of people have a lingering cough after COVID, usually lasting up to four weeks, though fewer than half of those people have a cough that lasts beyond four weeks, she says. Its also key to highlight that youre less likely to experience short-term and long-term symptoms or require hospitalization for a Covid-19 infection if youre fully vaccinated and boosted. If you are still coughing significantly a month after getting sick, see your doctor for further evaluation of a lingering cough after COVID. There may not be any relief from a dry cough, even after coughing. 27 febrero, 2023 . Eat a frozen treat. However, several other conditions can cause a dry cough, including: A dry cough that is accompanied by other symptoms may indicate COVID-19 as the cause. In addition, they typically experience less severe forms of the disease and its symptoms. Treatment of postviral nonasthmatic cough with corticosteroids. Learn more about a dry cough with COVID-19 in this article. This is the final part of a 4 part mini-series about the UK's earwax crisis. Dealing with a dry cough. A post-infectious cough can significantly impact your quality of life. For some people, post-COVID conditions can last weeks, months, or years after COVID-19 illness and can sometimes result in disability. Budesonide (a steroid inhaler), when given early after a COVID diagnosis, has been shown to reduce the likelihood of needing urgent medical care, as well asimproving recovery time. It's a common response to colds and it can take a while for our bodies to "reset" to a less sensitive state. What are the neurological complications of COVID-19? 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. Cough; Chest pain; Fast-beating or pounding heart (also known as heart palpitations) . Lancet Respir Med. Harvard Health Publishing. While not life-threatening, it can affect your quality of life and even lead to. | In addition to Women's Health, she has contributed health, fitness and wellness content to Runner's World, SELF, Prevention, Healthline, and POPSUGAR, among other publications. Your healthcare provider may perform a methacholine challenge test in which you breathe in a drug that narrows your airways. If you had a mild case of COVID-19 - with symptoms like a dry cough, sore throat and sometimes a mild case of pneumonia - you probably won't have lasting damage. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1996-2023 MedicineNet, Inc. All rights reserved. How Do I Know If I Have Allergies Or COVID-19? The irritation in the airways will resolve after the infection and the cascade of inflammation it creates has cleared.. Emily was studying law when she had to go to court. Here's how likely you are to get it more than once, Charting the COVID-19 spread: Australia passes 10,000 coronavirus deaths, Vanuatu hit by two cyclones and twin earthquakes in two days. If your cough isnt getting any better after two months, see a doctor to determine whats causing it. Fever, cough, headache, anosmia, ageusia, body ache, and diarrhoea are mild to moderate grade symptoms, whereas systemic involvements (pneumonia, myocarditis, stroke, and other coagulation abnormalities) are . . The pneumonia that COVID-19 causes tends to take hold in both lungs. The good news is that, when recovering from Covid and treating a lingering cough, over-the-counter medications such as cough suppressants and throat lozenges can be helpful. We avoid using tertiary references. Drink warm honey and lemon or another warm drink like kadha to soothe irritated throat. For example, your healthcare provider may order a chest X-ray. If a dry or tickly throat sets off your cough reflex, solutions include sipping water slowly, eating or drinkinghoney, and breathing slowly through your nose. A post-infection cough can persist for three to eight weeks and is linked topost-nasal drip or inflammation leftover from a viral or bacterial infection. mitataksemme sivustojemme ja sovellustemme kyttsi. Scottish Government - Opens in new browser window, Last updated: In about 5% of patients, a COVID cough can last about four weeks. (Source: Getty Images/Thinkstock) However, as mentioned earlier, the signs of xerostomia in COVID-19 patients usually occur before other symptoms. COVID cough remedies and treatments may include rest, drinking tea or other warm liquid, staying hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, inhaling steam, inhaling through the nose, cough suppressants, pain relievers, anti-viral medications by prescription, and others. Click here to toggle the visibility of the search bar. What is the medicine for dry cough? This could reduce the possibility of the need for medicines that could generate xerostomia. You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site. People who continue to experience symptoms after recovery may be experiencing post-COVID conditions. J Thorac Dis. Jaclyn Leong, D.O., the co-director of University of California Irvine Health 's COVID-19 recovery service, says that a cough theoretically could persist between six and eight weeks in some cases . This is a normal and important function. Around 2.5% of people are still coughing a year after being infected with COVID. A recurrent cough can undermine your capacity to work, leave you with medical bills, and prompt a withdrawal from social situations because you don't want others to fear you're spreading COVID. Nonmedication treatments for coughs include drinking plenty of fluids, especially warm drinks, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). You can use it by inhaling steam infused with eucalyptus oil (drop 12 drops of eucalyptus oil per 3/4 of boiling water). Recovering from long COVID Recovery from long COVID varies. 2013;22(3):325330. Inflammation is a defensive process our immune system uses to fight off COVID. Following COVID-19 you may find that you have a cough and phlegm on your chest. Clinical and physiological features of postinfectious chronic cough associated with H1N1 infection. "A dry cough is most commonly seen in viral infections," says Thomas Russo, M.D., professor and chief of infectious disease . It's rarely a sign of anything serious. Wash the hands thoroughly and frequently with soap and water or hand sanitizer. N-acetylcysteine is often prescribed to break up chest mucus. But don't give cough drops or hard candies to children under 4. Use a cool mist humidifier if the air in your home is very dry. Women's Health may earn commission from the links on this page, but we only feature products we believe in. How to Treat a Lingering Cough After COVID-19And When to See a Doctor Drinking plenty of fluids and staying hydrated is key to combating a lingering cough after COVID-19. According to the study above, 54% of people under the age of 18 years experienced a cough as a symptom of COVID-19. and perform a physical exam, during which they will look inside your nose and listen to your heart and lung sounds with a stethoscope. Flavour Fragr J. In the case of COVID-19, this cough could last for as long as six months after the viral infection, especially if the patient contracted Omicron because it is more airway dependent than the original strain. Coughing is a reflex that serves to expel foreign substances from the airway, according to Dr. Leykum. Another assumption is that a post-infection cough is your bodys attempt to clear excess secretions in the recovery stage. In some cases, the dry cough has lasted for three weeks . Yes, you can add dry mouth to the growing list of potential Covid-19 symptoms. Codeine -containing cough syrups can help you sleep when taken before bed. If you have a lingering cough that lasts longer than a month, Dr. Leykum recommends seeing your healthcare provider. Coughing may persist for any of four key reasons, all of which involve inflammation: If theupper airways(nasal passages and sinuses) stay inflamed, the fluid produced drips down the back of your throat causing a "post-nasal drip". But experts say there are actually a lot of different things that can cause a dry. Confronting COVID-19-associated cough and the post-COVID syndrome: role of viral neurotropism, neuroinflammation, and neuroimmune responses. If it affects your ability to breathe well, you will be prescribed one or more of the following types of medications, depending on the severity of your symptoms: If the test does not show that you have sensitive airways, your healthcare provider may prescribe Atrovent HFA (inhaled ipratropium bromide). | 2021;9(5):53344. If you happen to get sick with an upper respiratory infection, resting your body is important. So pour hot water into a bowl and put your head over the bowl and breathe in the steam. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? But in the meantime, prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medications can offer some relief. If youve experienced any Covid symptoms for more than four weeks, including a lingering cough, breathing problems, or anything else so severe that it limits the quality of your life, you should seek medical attention, Dr. Singh says. Causes may include bacteria, viruses or mold. PMID:29094873, Johnson D, Mead R, Kennelty K, Hahn D. Menthol cough drops: cause for concern? Perhaps it's still there, perhaps the antibiotic treatment caused dysbiosis and overgrowth of certain species, perhaps it's actual swallowing of air, but that would be very coincidental to develop right after H. pylori treatment if you ask me. The risk of having a lingering cough also tends to increase the longer a person is ill with an upper respiratory infection. CoronaCheck: Are the triple-vaxxed being infected at a higher rate in the UK than the unvaccinated? More severe cases of COVID may require hospitalization and treatments may include: In addition to cough, common symptoms of COVID include: Call 911 or go to a hospitals emergency department if you have symptoms of COVID such as: COVID is diagnosed with a physical examination and a patient history which includes asking the patient about any known recent exposure to the virus. Flu. The main symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. Symptoms generally last seven to 14 days and may include fever, cough, sore throat, stuffy/runny nose, sneezing, headache, and muscle aches. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00125-9. Terms of Use. Some studies also suggest that children and young adults may be less likely to experience the common COVID-19 symptoms, including a cough, a fever, and shortness of breath. While a cough can be a sign of many illnesses (your run-of-the-mill cold, for one), its also a common symptom that people experience after coming down with COVID-19, according to Luci Leykum, MD, the director of primary care services at Harbor Health and a professor of internal medicine at Dell Medical School at the University of Texas in Austin. A less common but more serious cause may be the lung tissue being scarred from the inflammation, a condition called "interstitial lung disease". This makes it easier to clear out with a cough. Although there is no lung involvement, persistent cough lasting for up to two weeks, scratchy throat, fatigue and a feverish feeling are some of the lingering symptoms even after recovery in . The larynx, also known as the voice box, is an organ in your throat that houses the vocal cords, two flaps of tissue that move to allow . More recent studies, such as the one in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, have also found that a cough may continue for weeks to months after recovery from COVID-19. Sometimes there isn't a lot of fluid (so the cough is "dry"), but the swelling of the lung tissue still triggers a cough, Theneural pathwaysmay be where inflammation is lurking. Diagnosis and management of dry cough: Focus on upper airway cough syndrome and postinfectious cough. It appears every year in the form of larger or smaller epidemics in colder weather. Most of us know more people whove had it than not, and chances are youve had it yourself at least once. Limit your contact with other people. | What may still take you by surprise, though, are the side effects that can linger for weeks after you've recovered. Stay at least 6 feet away from others if you have to go out.. In mild cases, staying home and self-isolating for 14 days is recommended to avoid spreading the virus. If you have a lingering cough that lasts longer than eight weeks or is not improving with home remedies and OTC medicine, see a doctor. Community content from Health Unlocked - This will open in a new window. The bottom line: A COVID cough should clear up in four weeks. You can also use a steam inhalation machine if you have one. Results revealed that the mixture of honey and coffee was significantly better at easing the participants' cough than the steroids or guaifenesin. Antibiotics should not be used as a means of prevention or treatment of COVID-19. Children and young adults can experience COVID-19 symptoms, though they may be less likely to develop COVID-19. 4th ed. Braman SS. Try hot tea or water with honey and lemon to soothe irritated airways. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. By slow-breathing through your nose, the air hitting the back of your throat is warmed up and moisturised by first passing through the nasal cavities. To add to the misery, it can lead to a nagging cough from excess mucus running down the back of the throat (post nasal drip). Inhaling steam 2-3 times a day can help loosen trapped mucus and reduce the frequency of coughing. causes a lot of coughing for longer than 1 hour, causes three or more significant coughing episodes within 24 hours, pale, gray, or bluish skin, nail beds, or lips, depending on a persons skin tone. The best medicine for a dry cough depends on the cause of the cough. By slow-breathing through your nose, the air hitting the back of your throat is warmed up and moisturised by first passing through the nasal cavities. Herbal remedies such as teas can also help to reduce your symptoms, similarly to when youre dealing with a cold or flu. So, if youre concerned about your cough or youre not sure if its related to a recent illness, consider seeing a doctor. How can you tell the difference between COVID-19 cough and other coughs? Weinberger SE, Silvestri RC. Clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and management of coughChinese Thoracic Society (CTS) Asthma Consortium. The most commonly reported symptoms of post- COVID-19 syndrome include: Fatigue Symptoms that get worse after physical or mental effort Fever Lung (respiratory) symptoms, including difficulty breathing or shortness of breath and cough Other possible symptoms include: However, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and other conditions can cause a similar cough. As a GP, I have patients ask whether there's anything that can fix their post-COVID cough. British Sign Language (BSL) You should see someone sooner If your cough changes or gets worse, if you start coughing up more phlegm or have trouble breathing, or if you develop new fevers or other symptoms, Dr. Leykum says. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. Best food forward: Are algae the future of sustainable nutrition? Cough is one of the most common presenting symptoms of COVID-19, along with fever and loss of taste and smell. Viral upper respiratory infections are very common, as is the irritating cough that sometimes lingers afterward. Lingering coughs after upper respiratory infections like the common cold or flu are called post-infectious coughs. Meet the expert: Luci Leykum, MD, is the director of primary care services at Harbor Health and a professor of internal medicine at Dell Medical School at the University of Texas in Austin. 9 home remedies for a COVID-19 cough Inhale steam. Encyclopedia of Microbiology. When something "foreign" is detected in the respiratory tract, areflex is triggeredto cause a cough, which should clear the irritant away. COVID-19 symptoms range from mild to moderate to severe and very severe. doi:10.4104/pcrj.2013.00072. | Cover your head and the bowl with a towel if you're comfortable. (2021). Some people may even find them more soothing than other therapies. Because a dry cough may be a symptom of COVID-19, a person should get a test, and self-isolate until they receive the results, if a dry cough: causes a lot of coughing for longer than 1. Benich JJ, et al. In contrast to dextromethorphan, guaifenesin is a cough expectorant. What is concerning is how persistent the cough and cold has been. 2006;129(1 Suppl):138S-146S. Trials on steroid tabletsto treat a post-COVID cough are still underway, and won't be recommended unless they're shown to result in significant improvement. It's triggered by infections, weather, allergies, tobacco smoke, medications, and even exercise and emotions.. Home remedies like humidifiers, eucalyptus aromatherapy, and gargling with salt water may also help. There are a number of treatment options, including home remedies and over-the-counter medications: A humidifier or steam inhalation (as during a hot shower) Keeping well-hydrated (to keep the mucus thinner) Sleep on propped up pillows, to keep the mucus from collecting at the back of your throat. Emilia Benton is a Houston-based freelance writer and editor. COVID-19 severity. A recent viral upper respiratory infection, a lack of fever, clear lungs, and cough that has not persisted past eight weeks are all signs a post-infectious cough. The initial symptoms of acute COVID-19 infection are mainly fever, dry cough or dyspnea, although pain has also been an early symptom such as sore throat, myalgia, low back pain, . Song WJ, Hui CKM, Hull JH, et al. There are also certain risk factors that increase the likelihood of post-infectious cough. If you are unable to tolerate the sedating effects of these medications, your healthcare provider may suggest a nasal spray like Astelin (azelastine), Flonase Allergy Relief (fluticasone propionate), or Atrovent nasal spray (ipratropium bromide) to help with a lingering cough. While this is an effective protective mechanism, it's also the way theCOVID virus spreads. soothe your throat by drinking a warm drink, such as honey and lemon take small sips of liquid if you feel yourself starting to cough suck a sugary sweet if you feel yourself starting to cough try swallowing repeatedly if you have a cough and don't have a drink near you Dry mouth condition needs to be closely monitored. It may stick around longer if you have long COVID, which is usually accompanied by other symptoms like brain fog and fatigue. In addition to Women's Health, she has contributed health, fitness and wellness content to Runner's World, SELF, Prevention, Healthline, and POPSUGAR, among other publications. Sucking on a hard lozenge promotes saliva production that soothes the throat. Even when inhaled or applied to the skin, eucalyptus oil may interact with various medications, so be sure to tell your healthcare provider if you are using it. 1996-2023 MedicineNet, Inc. All rights reserved. Most coughs caused by inflammation related to infection are dry coughs that resolve in four weeks. A lingering cough on its own is not always a reason to worry. It also offers tips on how to reduce your risk of post-infectious coughs and upper respiratory infections in general. Post-viral coughs can be productive or dry. While more sedating than newer drugs, these particular antihistamines are more effective at minimizing a post-viral cough. A lingering cough is no fun. Long-term effects of coronavirus (COVID-19). You may find it difficult to sleep or get your work done at home or at your job. If you have a cough, it's best to avoid lying on your back. You will also want to see your healthcare provider if you have worrisome symptoms along with a persistent cough, like vomiting or weight loss. Here are a few things that you can try at home to speed up recovery. It's not clear how long after coronavirus (COVID-19) you may have a cough and it can be frustrating at times. If it lasts longer than that, it could be related to long COVID, particularly if it is associated with other symptoms of long COVID such as brain fog, fatigue, or shortness of breath. And ICYMI, long COVID is when symptoms linger even after youre no longer testing positive for the virus or contagious. Experts suspect the caffeine from the coffee has anti-inflammatory properties and may help open up your airways so you can breathe more easily when you have a lingering cough. If a dry or tickly throat sets off your cough reflex, solutions include sipping water slowly, eating or drinking honey, and breathing slowly through your nose. Representative Image. This content is imported from poll. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. The couple reported most of the usual symptoms including fever, cough, dehydration, sore throat, shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite and a lost sense of smell and taste . Is It Possible to Get RSV More Than Once? The diagnosis of post-infectious lingering cough is clinical, meaning it is based primarily on your symptoms and physical exam. Symptoms typically peak after 2-3 days, and then gradually clear. If your cough lasts longer than 8 weeks, it may be due to causes other than COVID-19, such as: Treating the above conditions may help clear your cough. Kun kytt sivustojamme ja sovelluksiamme, kytmme, tarjotaksemme sivustomme ja sovelluksemme sinulle, todentaaksemme kyttjt, estksemme roskapostia ja vrinkytksi sek toteuttaaksemme tietoturvatoimia. . There is no specific treatment for COVID cough, and supportive care is aimed at relieving symptoms in mild cases. Learn how COVID-19. By releasing moisture into the air, a humidifier may help clear mucus and ease a lingering cough. These include cough syrups and lozenges. Studies show that the risk of getting a lingering cough increases with the duration of the illness. | Espaol When Youre Still Coughing After Being Sick. This helps remove the phlegm quickly. MedicineNet does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The goal of treatment for a lingering cough is to ease symptoms while you recover. Usually, this cough goes away shortly after youve recovered from the infection. This includes getting plenty of rest during the infection and using an expectorant to avoid the build-up of mucus in the lungs. This article describes the types of infections that tend to cause lingering coughs, as well as how healthcare providers diagnose and treat a cough that won't go away. This means it is possible to initiate treatment faster. Post-viral cough is the term used when a cough continues more than 3 weeks past viral illness. A January 2022 report in the physics journal AIP Advances that studied how droplets are dispersed via coughing also recommends lowering your head to reduce the risk of transmitting COVID-19 to. Search NHS Inform - Click here to submit this form, Show Long-term effects of COVID-19 Navigation. It may help cut down the duration of a cough, a 2019 study found. Amsterdam: Academic Press; 2019:85101. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Is lingering cough after Covid contagious? Take small sips of fluids instead of taking large sips to facilitate swallowing. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Another factor that may contribute to the risk of a post-infectious cough is the undertreatment of an upper respiratory infection. See Additional Information. Also, clean your humidifier daily, if possible, to prevent bacteria and mold from growing. Learn about natural ways to treat your cough. Eucalyptus oil is a colorless or pale yellow liquidthat has a number of potential health benefits, including relieving post-infectious cough. Cough: An unmet clinical need. It's easy to think that you have COVID-19 when you develop a dry cough (and it's entirely possible you do). Medicated chest rubs, eucalyptus oil, and sleeping with a humidifier on can also help calm a persistent cough. It is a common early symptom of SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus that causes COVID-19. However, if you have any doubts about the cause or the progression of your cough, it is worth a visit to your GP to have it checked out. If you want to avoid getting a lingering cough that won't go away, prevention is key. And a small study from Norway found that, among . The problem is, coughing may persist for weeks or months after the infection has gone. Patients with severe and critical illness take up to 20 days to recover. Your healthcare provider will ask you questions about when your cold symptoms started, what they were, the characteristics of your current cough, and whether you have any other symptoms. However, COVID-19 cough in hospital cases seems to be painful and dry, accompanied by lower blood oxygen levels and difficulty breathing without coughing. It will soothe a sore throat and open your airways, making it easier to breathe. | A post-infectious cough can last for about two months following an upper respiratory infection. South Africa's largest health insurer listed nasal congestion, sore or scratchy throat, dry cough and lower back pain as common Omicron symptoms.
Where Is Bobby Dassey Now 2020,
Florida Condo Flooring Requirements,
Smith Funeral Home Obituaries St Petersburg, Florida,
How Much Did Velocicoaster Cost To Build,
Deferred Adjudication Terminated Unsatisfactory Texas,
Articles H